Saturday, July 14, 2012

I Could Change My Life To Better Suit Your Mood


"And if you said this life ain't good enough
I would give my world to lift you up
I could change my life to better suit your mood
'Cause you're so smooth"


What mood is Mrs. Market in? Is she bullish or bearish? Is she ambivalent or certain, apathetic or concerned? 
She's a fickle mistress, but who could blame her. After all, she is made up of the collective intelligence and collective emotions of all of her participants. Some times her emotions run to the ebullient, while at other times she is deeply morose. Maybe I could change my life to better suit her mood!

Lately her mood has been more ambivalent, almost apathetic, and who could blame her. It's hard to be upbeat and cheerful when your returns for the last five years have been negative (S&P 500 -0.50% annualized), when 10-year bonds yield 1.50%, and your cash generates negative real returns. It hardly makes it worth getting out of bed.

The other problem is she's smart, wicked smart. She knows our problems, and she knows how to fix them. She knows that you don't fix a debt and entitlement problem with more debt and entitlements. She's watched our elected and unelected officials repeat the same mistakes over and over again hoping for a different outcome. Borrow more money to "stimulate" the economy. Bail out banks so they can keep lending to over-leveraged consumers. Lower interest rates to zero, and print money to buy your own debt, in the hope that it will instill confidence in the markets. She laughs at the political elites belief that we can all grow wealthy by borrowing and consuming, instead of producing and saving. She shakes her head every-time she hears them state, that a government, which produces nothing, can grow our economy. 

She's hopeful that we can still come to our senses. She understands that businessmen love to grow; it is their inherent nature to grow their businesses, their profits, and their net worth. They find ways to overcome obstacles, they're creative, and optimistic. Politicians, on the other hand, believe that they have a superior ability to spend other peoples money, they focus on how to divide up the pie, not on how to grow it.

We've always had this tug-of-war between growing the pie, and slicing it up, and more times than not, as a nation, we've chosen to grow the pie. But she worries that this time the pie slicers may have the upper hand. It scares her to think that for over a generation both parties have been telling our citizens these lies. We've set up a system that rewards those who go into debt with tax incentives and bailouts, while we punish those who save and invest with taxes and inflation. The incentives are all wrong and they've been wrong for some time now. The facts aren't pretty. In 2010, 48.5% of Americans lived in a household that received some form of government assistance. That's up from 30% in 1982, and will be greater than 50% (if it already isn't) when ObamaCare takes effect. In the meantime, 49.5% of Americans paid no federal income tax in 2009, up from 34.1% in 2001.

Mrs. Market is powerful too. She knows that if she pouts, and sends prices lower elected officials tend to pay attention. Historically, they'd rush to change their evil ways. They'd enact reforms to slash taxes that discourage the investment of capital, and they'd abolish the red-tape that is stifling growth. But times have changed. Politicians hate the thought of anyone being more powerful then themselves. They've silenced her friend, Bond Vigilante, by allowing the Fed to print unlimited dollars to buy back their own debt. And now they're trying to silence her by making over 50% of the population beholden to the government, not the markets.

"Man it's a hot one, like seven inches from the midday sun..." This battle is shaping up to be a real doozy. While she may appear apathetic at the moment, Mrs. Market is eagerly watching the continued spectacle in Europe, the rapidly approaching November election, and the looming Fiscal Cliff. I have a feeling that she won't sit idly by over the next several months as our politicians continue to drag us over the cliff. She still matters, and she still has a voice, unfortunately she may have to shake us to our core before we actually wake up. "Well I'll tell you one thing, if you would leave it'd be a crying shame."

Again, we continue to be very defensively positioned with 40% cash, 25% fixed income, 5% gold, and only 30% in risk assets like equities, commodities, and REITs.

"When you see that trading is done, not by consent, but by compulsion - when you see that in order to produce, you need to obtain permission from men who produce nothing - when you see that money is flowing to those who deal, not in goods, but in favors - when you see that men get richer by graft and by pull than by work, and your laws don't protect you against them, but protect them against you - when you see corruption being rewarded and honesty becoming a self-sacrifice - you may know that your society is doomed." 
--Ayn Rand

Be careful out there, and keep the lights on,

Chris Wiles, CFA
412-260-7917


For prior Rockhaven Views visit:

This article contains the current opinions of the author but not necessarily those of the Rockhaven Capital Management.  The author’s opinions are subject to change without notice. This article is distributed for informational purposes only. Forecasts, estimates, and certain information contained herein are based upon proprietary research and should not be considered as investment advice or a recommendation of any particular security, strategy or investment product. Information contained herein has been obtained from sources believed to be reliable, but not guaranteed.

Sunday, July 8, 2012

"Money, it's a gas
Grab that cash with both hands 
and make a stash"




I'll admit it, I've always been a fan of cash. Cold, hard cash. Not that I carry huge wads around, but I want to know that I can get my hands on it at a moments notice.

Back in 1970, after Warren Buffett's grandfather passed, Warren found an envelope in his safety deposit box along with $1,000 in cash. The letter extolled the virtues of ready cash, explaining, "Over a period of a good many years I have known a great many people who at some time or another have suffered in various ways simply because they did not have ready cash. I have known people who have had to sacrifice some of their holdings in order to have money that was necessary at the time. Thus I feel that everyone should have a reserve. It is my wish that you keep this envelope in your safety deposit box, and keep it for the purpose it was created for." 

Ever the vigilant student, Warren Buffett listened to Ernest Buffett's advice, and has kept substantial reserves in cash. He likes to keep at least $20 billion of Berkshire Hathaway's assets in liquid cash equivalents. Cash plays three vital roles in an individuals portfolio; 1) as a risk management tool, it helps mitigate the downside, 2) as an opportunistic tool, it's nice to have ready cash when an opportunity presents itself, and 3) as a liquidity management tool, having cash available for distribution needs.

Remember back in 2008 when the financial markets were in a death spiral, Warren Buffett was able to sit back and choose who he wanted to bail out and set the terms. He was able to extract a sweetheart deal from Goldman Sachs whereby Berkshire purchased $5 billion of preferred shares in Goldman paying a 10% dividend, and also received warrants to buy $5 billion in common stock at $115 per share. Berkshires portfolio was protected on the downside, and was subsequently able to take advantage of opportunities when they presented themselves.

Warren's Berkshire Hathaway is not alone in its fondness for cash. Even with cash holdings generating negative real returns, US Industrial companies have increased their cash reserves from $600 billion in 2007 to more than $1 trillion today. What 2008, and the ongoing financial turmoil, has taught corporate America is that you can't rely on the capital markets to be there when you need them. Companies, and individuals, need to be ready to fund themselves.

How much cash is enough? Clearly $1,000 tucked away in a safety deposit box won't get you very far in today's dollars. A safe starting point is to have at least one years worth of expenses covered. This is more than most pundits tell you to put away, but that's generally because they're trying to sell you something. Once you've set aside a years worth of expenses you can then begin thinking of how to use cash in your asset allocation process.

At Rockhaven, cash in our global tactical asset allocation model will vary between 0% and 60%. This percentage will vary based on our global macro-risk outlook. The cash allocation is determined by how attractive every other asset class looks on a technical and fundamental basis. We're not making an active cash call, cash is a default asset. Lets take US Equities as an example. Our allocation to US stocks can vary between 7% and 25%, we are currently at a neutral 15%. As our allocation to stocks increases or decreases, our allocation to cash moves in the opposite direction.

Our current allocation to cash is at 40%.

The Feds zero interest rate policy (ZIRP), makes holding cash a bit painful at times, but it also has its advantages. As stated above, holding cash helps protect us on the downside (we sleep better), and it allows us to be ready to move whenever an asset becomes extremely oversold. Of course cash isn't risk-less, everything carries risk. We have to worry about inflation risk, credit risk, and liquidity risk, but these are all risks we'd deal with no matter what. However, cash can be a great asset, or as Roger Waters said, "Money it's a hit. Don't give me that do goody good bullshit." 

Be careful out there, and keep the lights on,

Chris Wiles, CFA
412-260-7917


For prior Rockhaven Views visit:

This article contains the current opinions of the author but not necessarily those of the Rockhaven Capital Management.  The author’s opinions are subject to change without notice. This article is distributed for informational purposes only. Forecasts, estimates, and certain information contained herein are based upon proprietary research and should not be considered as investment advice or a recommendation of any particular security, strategy or investment product. Information contained herein has been obtained from sources believed to be reliable, but not guaranteed.

Sunday, July 1, 2012

What's Workin'




What's  Workin'

I'll admit it, I'm a fair weather fisherman. I love going into the woods on a hot day, deep into the shade, with the cool water lapping around my wadders. The noon-day sun struggling to penetrate the thick foliage, and the cool, clean air. No cellphone coverage, no CNBC, just the sounds of the water trickling over the rocks and the occasional bird chirping in the trees. Snags and tangles are no bother, they're just an excuse to sit down and take in the surroundings. To me, this is what heaven would look like.

Some days, I'm a little more adventurous, or serious than others. On those days I might stop by the local fly shop and check the chalk board that shows the local water conditions, and more importantly what's workin' now. Almost every fly shop in the country has one of these boards. People always seem to gravitate towards it for some friendly conversation, to find out what's workin', and of course for the shop to sell some flies. 

We have similar boards in finance, but usually the people aren't as friendly.

Here's what's workin' in the first half of 2012:

Real Estate - The housing market may or may not have bottomed, but the rental market is on fire. REITs have been the best performing asset class of 2012. A combination of a strong rental market, depressed prices, and high yields have made this the standout sector so far this year. US REITs are up 14.6% (VNQ), and International REITs are up 15.62% (IFGL). The high-yielding mortgage REITs are up an even more impressive 19.18% (REM).

US Stocks - It's been a wild ride, but US stocks are actually up 8.90% (S&P500) so far this year. The second quarter was down 3.34%, and we can gain or lose 2% on any given day (2.5% on Friday), but 9% for six months is still pretty good.

Bonds - How low can you go? Yields on Treasuries and most other bonds have fallen pretty dramatically this year as investors sought out safe havens, therefore the total returns were pretty positive. Longer-term US Treasuries (TLH) were up 7.59% in the 2nd quarter and are now up 3.84% year-to-date. High-yield bonds (HYG) were up 2.44% on the quarter, and are now up 5.11% YTD.

Here's whats NOT workin' in the first half of 2012:

Commodities - Real fears of a slowing US and global economy have lead to a pretty severe correction in energy  and industrial metals. Grains, on the other hand, have been doing much better of late due to the severe drought throughout the Midwest. The CRB index fell 7.86% in the 2nd quarter and is now down 6.91% YTD. The crude oil index (OIL) is down 20.02% for the quarter.  

International Stocks - After a very strong 1st quarter, International stocks had an abysmal 2nd Quarter. Developed market stocks EAFE (EFA) were down 6.81% on the quarter, but are still up 3.27% YTD. Emerging Market stocks (VWO) were down 8.14% for the quarter but are up 4.5% YTD. Of course Friday's rally really painted the tape; EFA was up 3.61%, and VWO was up 4.20% Friday alone. 

Gold - Gold has been in a pretty tight range for most of this year and ended the quarter near its lows. For the quarter gold (GLD) was down 4.27%, and is now up 2.11% YTD. Again, Fridays strong rally saw GLD rise 2.74%!

International Bonds - The abysmal situation in Europe has lead to a pretty tough market for most international bonds. Of course Germany, Switzerland, and Japan have been stronger, while the peripheral country's have been weaker. Overall IGOV was down 1.20% for the 2nd quarter and is down o.90% YTD. Emerging market bonds have fared a bit better, ELD was down 1.69% in the 2nd quarter, but is still up 5.69% YTD.

What the second half of the year holds for us:

Anticipation is such a pleasurable part of fly fishing that it sometimes seems a shame to go out someplace, cast, and try to catch something. Whenever I daydream about fishing the weather is perfect, and the bugs hatching all around me are exactly like the flies I'm carrying. Sly brown trout the size of basset hounds hurl themselves at my flies, and then fight like demons. I have the stream entirely to myself, except for the nude sunbather or two. Ahhhh....

In the real world conditions on the water can change rapidly. You can be totally skunked using the flies recommended on the chalk board, switch to some absurd pattern and Bam, a strike. Every fisherman knows that you need to be flexible on the water. You need a diverse box of flies, because you just never know what will or won't work until your toes are wet. 

Fly fishing is about reading your environment, and adapting to what the river is giving you. Investing is very similar, what has been working may or may not work in the future. Successful investors carry a diverse toolbox, and don't become wed to one specific style or strategy. Being flexible and adapting to what the market is giving you is the key to success. 

Standing hip deep in the stream, looking into the second half of 2012 is pretty scary. The rocks are slippery and the current is a bit faster than we'd like; continued economic weakness in Europe and China, turmoil in the Middle East, and political intransigency and uncertainty. Clearly, fishing in the second half won't be dull. In fact, the treacherous waters continue to make me more of an observer than an active participant. I'm more than comfortable sitting on the bank, enjoying the weather, and choosing my opportunities carefully. We enter the second half with 40% cash in our Global Tactical Asset Allocation portfolios.

Here's where we stand today in our Global Tactical Asset Allocation Portfolios:

US Equities -- 15% Neutral,
 The US equity markets have rolled over a bit (they are about 6% off their highs). At this point US equity markets are not showing any strongly bullish or bearish trends.
Int'l Equities -- 3% Bearish,
 both developed and emerging equity markets are in bearish territories. We remain at our minimal weight.
US REITs --  6% 
Bullish, we are still at our full US REIT target of 6%, but even they are trending towards neutral. REITs continue to be a huge beneficiary of the Feds ZIRP.
Int'l REITs -- 2% Bearish, international REITs have moved to bearish territory. After remaining in bullish trends longer than their international equity brethren they've finally succumbed. 
Gold -- 5% Bearish, Gold has moved into bearish territory. Gold's trading range has been very narrow, but also fairly volatile.
Commodities -- 5% Bearish, economic weakness has caused commodities to fall (DBC is down 14% since March)
. There are some signs of bottoming, especially in grains, but still in bearish territory.
US Fixed Income -- 22% Bullish, US Treasuries have rallied to near record low yields again. High-yield bonds & MLP's have moved into neutral territory.
Int'l Fixed Income -- 2% Bearish, Even emerging market bonds have moved to minimum weight. We continue to avoid all European bonds.
Cash Equivalents & Currencies -- 40%, cash levels have increased dramatically, and are divided between the US at 38%, and 2% in China.
 
In summary, this is not fair weather fishing, uncertainty levels are very high and there are very few visible trends. Markets are not operating in their natural state. We do not have free markets. Global interest rates and currencies are being manipulated by central bankers. These markets are very binary, they teeter on the whims of elected and unelected political figures. I'm remaining cautious until real trends are visible. This is my money, and I'm trying to keep as much of it as possible.

If you'd like to sit down and talk about the markets, or go drown a few flies, please give me a call.

Be careful out there, and keep the lights on,

Chris Wiles, CFA
412-260-7917


For prior Rockhaven Views visit:

This article contains the current opinions of the author but not necessarily those of the Rockhaven Capital Management.  The author’s opinions are subject to change without notice. This article is distributed for informational purposes only. Forecasts, estimates, and certain information contained herein are based upon proprietary research and should not be considered as investment advice or a recommendation of any particular security, strategy or investment product. Information contained herein has been obtained from sources believed to be reliable, but not guaranteed.